Know which law applies
Federal FOIA generally covers executive branch agency records. It does not directly apply to state or local government agencies, Congress, or federal courts. State open-records laws and court-records rules are separate.
Find the correct custodian
Before filing, search the agency's public website. If the information is not already posted, identify the office likely to maintain the records.
Describe records clearly
A request ordinarily needs to be in writing and reasonably describe the requested records. You do not need to use a single required federal FOIA form.
Understand exemptions and appeals
Some records may be withheld or redacted under statutory exemptions or exclusions. Review the agency's response for its explanation and any administrative appeal instructions.
Avoid a common misconception
FOIA is a transparency statute. It does not itself cancel a citation, invalidate a court case, or exempt a person from generally applicable laws.
Sources & further reading
Use these materials to begin independent verification. Links lead to external websites.